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Bricklayer
Jargon Buster:
Bagged or Rubbed joint
A flat mortar joint finish often lightly wiped over with sacking. This should
not be used to achieve a neat decorative finish.
Bats
Broken bricks or purpose cut bricks, which are used to fill in.
Blocks
Light or dense concrete blocks are generally used in masonry that is hidden such
as within the inner skin of cavity work. They may, however, be used
'architecturally' in public buildings. Blocks most often measure 440 x 215mm,
which is equivalent to 6 standard bricks. Lightweight blocks have insulation
properties and are often made from aerated concrete where pulverised fuel ash is
the aggregate. These are usually referred to as breeze blocks and common trade
names include Theralite and Celcon. Harder concrete blocks may have hollow
centres which can be filled with foam insulation. Very dense concrete is used in
heavy load bearing blocks, which can be up to 225mm thick. These can be quite
heavy to lift and require care when laying to avoid squeezing out the mortar.
Bonding
The general term given to the pattern of bricks laid or the method used to join
new walls.
Brick
A standard brick will measure (mm) 215(length) x 102(width) x 65(height).
Builders will always request to see designs in brickwork sizes to avoid part
cuts.
Bucket Handle
A shallow, rounded and inwards mortar joint finish used for bricks and blocks,
so named as it was originally created from the shape of an old bucket handle.
Cavity
The outer brickwork is in place to keep out the weather and usually has no
structural implications. The inner blockwork carries the floor and roof loads.
The gap between prevents damp crossing. It is important to maintain a cavity
that is clear and unbridged.
Damp
The short name for a damp proof course originally made from slate, lead or
bitumen treated hessian. This was prone to melting in warm weather and has now
been replaced with high performance plastic. The damp proof course may be
inserted in brickwork to stop damp rising or sinking. If at high level, the
latter is usually accompanied by a flashing. In garden walls, the damp course is
located beneath the top of the wall, often as a tile, to prevent the wall
becoming saturated and damaged by frost. In house walls, the damp proof course
is usually placed 150mm above ground level. This distance must be maintained to
avoid damp being transferred through rain splashing.
Efflorescence
Natural salts, which occur in the material used to construct bricks, will
sometimes be washed out by rain and appear as white stains. Although this is of
no consequence to the wall's integrity, it is always disappointing and
unsightly. Before choosing any brick, take care to find out if this is a feature
of the brick and look at examples that have been in place for between 2 and 5
years.
Fair Faced
The out facing side of brickwork that will be on show and will consequently need
to be built neatly.
Flemish
A brickwork bond where the stretcher face is alternated with the header face on
the first line and on the course above, the header is positioned over the centre
of the stretcher face below, so that the courses alternate.
Gauged Mortar
Mortar produced from sand and cement mixed with lime to produce a lower
strength, more workable mix. This is well suited to softer bricks and useful
where minor movements in walls may show up as cracked bricks if a hard mortar is
used.
Hand Mades
Bench made stock bricks, where the soft clay from south-eastern England is
thrown into the pre-sanded mould by hand. The finished effect will be horizontal
ripples, most often mid-to-dark red with blue markings.
Header
The end of a brick. If laid together, this would be referred to as a header
course.
Lintel
A concrete or steel beam positioned over doors or other openings to support the
bricks/blocks above.
Muck
Nickname for mortar.
Perps
Perpendicular ends to bricks. If you look at the outside of a completed wall,
the line and verticality of the perps is a good indication of the quality of
bricklaying.
Pug
Nickname for mortar.
Quoins
Right angle corners of brickwork that are built up at the start of the job to
form the brick lines and courses. Less experienced bricklayers will sometimes
fill-in between the quoins.
Rubbers
Soft red bricks that can easily be cut to shape, such as within an arch. These
bricks should always be used with a soft lime mortar.
Sand-Limes
Calcium silicate bricks which are almost white in colour. Trouble may be
experienced with spalling (the breaking up of the face of bricks), particularly
if exposed to salt or frost.
Tocks
Bricks made in a mould either by hand or machine. The bricks are soft and mostly
used in face work. The hand made bricks usually have a rippled appearance.
Stocks usually have a frog, which is the indent on one long side. Frog up is the
normal method of laying. The Romans brought the stock brick to England.
Stretcher
The long face of a brick. Stretcher bond is the most common bonding where each
brick is laid length ways in the wall, with the joint of the course above in the
centre of the stretcher face.
Struck Joint
A mortar joint usually on brickwork, requiring a good level of skill to achieve
neatly. The mortar is ruled smooth with a small trowel so that the top is
slightly in from the brick face and the bottom is flush with the brick face.
Sometimes this is reversed but, in doing so, water may be trapped on the small
ledge formed. This joint attracts shadow lines and can look the neatest.
Ties
A steel, galvanised or better stainless, link between inner and out skins (see
cavity).
Wire Cuts
This is an extruded brick of modern style with a slightly dragged appearance,
which is chopped to size with wire. Instead of frogs, wire cut bricks tend to be
perforated on the mortar faces.
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Plumbing Kent
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